Crystallization Definition Crystallization occurs when materials solidify from liquids, or when they precipitate from liquids or gases. A physical change, such as a change in temperature, or a chemical change, such as acidity, can cause this change.  A crystallization process depends on the size and shape of the molecules involved, as well as their chemical … Read more

Definition Predation refers to a flow of energy between two organisms, predator and prey. In this interaction, the prey loses energy, and the predator gains energy. The word ‘predation’ derives from the Latin word praedari, meaning ‘to plunder’.Predation includes carnivory, as well as interactions like grazing, parasitism, and symbiotic mutualism. The process of eating seeds … Read more

Centrosome Definition Centrosomes are organelles that serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers for animal cells. Centrosomes are made up of two, barrel-shaped clusters of microtubules called “centrioles” and a complex of proteins that help additional microtubules to form. This complex is also known as the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), since it helps organize the spindle fibers … Read more

Binary Fission Definition Binary fission is the process through which asexual reproduction happens in bacteria. During binary fission, a single organism becomes two independent organisms. Binary fission also describes the duplication of organelles in eukaryotes. Mitochondria and other organelles must reproduce via binary fission before mitosis so each cell has ample organelles. Binary Fission Overview … Read more

Bacterial Conjugation Definition Bacterial conjugation is a way by which a bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another bacterial cell. The genetic material that is transferred through bacterial conjugation is a small plasmid, known as F-plasmid (F for fertility factor), that carries genetic information different from that which is already present in the chromosomes of … Read more

Dorsal Cavity Definition In vertebrates, the dorsal cavity surrounds the brain and spinal cord in a fluid-filled space. The dorsal cavity is usually divided into two semi-separate spaces, the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity, which house the brain and spinal cord, respectively.  However, the fluid in the dorsal cavity is completely separated from the … Read more

Lumbar Vertebrae Definition The lumbar vertebrae are bones that make up the spinal column or backbone, especially within the lower back. These bones are below the cervical and thoracic vertebrae but above the sacrum or pelvis. These are the biggest of the unfused vertebrae, and are bigger than the bones positioned above. There are five … Read more

Serous Membrane Definition The serous membrane, or serosal membrane, is a thin membrane that lines the internal body cavities and organs such as the heart, lungs, and abdominal cavity. The thin membrane is made up of mesothelium tissue which originates from the mesoderm. The serous membrane allows for frictionless movement in a number of vital … Read more