The International Baccalaureate (IB) Chemistry course is known for its rigorous curriculum and high expectations. It demands a deep understanding of complex concepts and the ability to apply them in various contexts. Many students find themselves overwhelmed by the sheer volume of material and the level of detail required. This is why finding the right … Read more
Keeping learners motivated is easy with Duolingo’s league system. Do you want to know how many leagues there are in Duolingo? Here’s what we can tell you! With its gamified approach to language learning, Duolingo has made learning a new language fun for millions of people around the world. An important feature of the app … Read more
Crystallization Definition Crystallization occurs when materials solidify from liquids, or when they precipitate from liquids or gases. A physical change, such as a change in temperature, or a chemical change, such as acidity, can cause this change. A crystallization process depends on the size and shape of the molecules involved, as well as their chemical … Read more
Definition Predation refers to a flow of energy between two organisms, predator and prey. In this interaction, the prey loses energy, and the predator gains energy. The word ‘predation’ derives from the Latin word praedari, meaning ‘to plunder’.Predation includes carnivory, as well as interactions like grazing, parasitism, and symbiotic mutualism. The process of eating seeds … Read more
Centrosome Definition Centrosomes are organelles that serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers for animal cells. Centrosomes are made up of two, barrel-shaped clusters of microtubules called “centrioles” and a complex of proteins that help additional microtubules to form. This complex is also known as the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), since it helps organize the spindle fibers … Read more
Binary Fission Definition Binary fission is the process through which asexual reproduction happens in bacteria. During binary fission, a single organism becomes two independent organisms. Binary fission also describes the duplication of organelles in eukaryotes. Mitochondria and other organelles must reproduce via binary fission before mitosis so each cell has ample organelles. Binary Fission Overview … Read more
Bacterial Conjugation Definition Bacterial conjugation is a way by which a bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another bacterial cell. The genetic material that is transferred through bacterial conjugation is a small plasmid, known as F-plasmid (F for fertility factor), that carries genetic information different from that which is already present in the chromosomes of … Read more
Dorsal Cavity Definition In vertebrates, the dorsal cavity surrounds the brain and spinal cord in a fluid-filled space. The dorsal cavity is usually divided into two semi-separate spaces, the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity, which house the brain and spinal cord, respectively. However, the fluid in the dorsal cavity is completely separated from the … Read more
Lumbar Vertebrae Definition The lumbar vertebrae are bones that make up the spinal column or backbone, especially within the lower back. These bones are below the cervical and thoracic vertebrae but above the sacrum or pelvis. These are the biggest of the unfused vertebrae, and are bigger than the bones positioned above. There are five … Read more
Serous Membrane Definition The serous membrane, or serosal membrane, is a thin membrane that lines the internal body cavities and organs such as the heart, lungs, and abdominal cavity. The thin membrane is made up of mesothelium tissue which originates from the mesoderm. The serous membrane allows for frictionless movement in a number of vital … Read more